Ten structures within range increases villager production rate by 10%. The number of buildings within the area of influence - which is expanded with each new building - contributes to a Golden Age. There is also an area of influence around the House of Wisdom, so strategic positioning is recommended. In the final age, you can research the outstanding wing to access the unique techs. Once a wing has been created, you can begin researching the associated technologies. Villagers are not required to build a new wing, leaving them open to work on gathering resources and erecting new buildings.
Upon gathering enough resources and choosing a new wing, your civilization will advance to the next age.
There are a bunch more technologies available, each offering a significant boost.
Meanwhile, the Economy wing has a Fresh Foodstuffs technology that reduces the cost of creating new villagers by 50%. The Culture wing, for example, can help reduce the cost of all future technologies by 30% with its Preservation of Knowledge technology. There are four wings - Culture, Economy, Military, and Trade - available to choose from, each with their own unique researchable technologies.
This must be built by Villagers (it doesn't take long and costs just 50 wood) and is separate from the Town Center. There is a focus on research for the Abbasid Dynasty, mostly revolving around the House of Wisdom unique building.